### Basic properties of circles Examples I

• In the figure, AEC and BED are straight lines. It is given that $$\angle BDC = 30^\circ$$, $$\angle ACB = 50^\circ$$ and $$\angle ABC = 100^\circ$$.
Prove that A, B, C and D are concyclic.
[FigureMissing Latex_Basic properties of circles 02 Q15]
• In ΔABC,
$$\begin{array}{1}\angle BAC + \angle ABC + \angle ACB = 180^\circ \\\angle BAC + 100^\circ + 50^\circ = 180^\circ \\\angle BAC = 30^\circ \end{array}$$ (∠ sum of Δ)
∴ $$\angle BAC = \angle BDC = 30^\circ$$
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (converse of ∠s in the same segment)
• In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. AB is a diameter. P is an external point of the circle such that $$PA = PB$$. PB intersects the circumference at C. AC intersects OP at D.
[FigureMissing Latex_Basic properties of circles 02 Q24
(a) Prove that PO ⊥ AB.
(b) Prove that O, A, P and C are concyclic.
(c) Prove ∠OPB = ∠OCA.
• (a) In ΔAPO and ΔBPO,
$$AP = BP$$ (given)
$$AO = BO$$ (radii)
$$OP = OP$$ (common side)
∴ $$\Delta APO \cong \Delta BPO$$ (S.S.S.)
∴ $$\angle POA = \angle POB$$ (corr. ∠s, ≅ Δs)
$$\begin{array}{1}\angle POA + \angle POB = 180^\circ \\2\angle POA = 180^\circ \\\angle POA = 90^\circ \end{array}$$ (adj. ∠s on st. line)
∴ $$PO \bot AB$$

(b) $$\angle ACB = 90^\circ$$ (∠ in semi-circle)
$$\begin{array}{1}\angle ACP = 180^\circ - 90^\circ \\ = 90{^\circ }\end{array}$$ (adj. ∠s on st. line)
∴ $$\angle AOP = \angle ACP = 90^\circ$$
∴ O, A, P and C are concyclic. (converse of ∠s in the same segment)

(c) $$\angle OPB = \angle OAC$$ (∠s in the same segment)
∵ $$OA = OC$$ (radii)
∴ $$\angle OAC = \angle OCA$$ (base ∠s, isos. Δ)
∴ $$\angle OPB = \angle OCA$$
• In the figure, O is the centre of two concentric circles. AB is the tangent to the smaller circle at M. Radii OA and OB of the larger circle intersect the circumference of the smaller circle at N and P respectively. It is given that $$OM = 20$$ and $$AB = 30$$.
[FigureMissing Latex_Basic properties of circles 02 Q36
(a) Find the length of OA.
(b) Find the length of AN.
• (a) ∵ $$\angle OMA = 90^\circ$$ (tangent ⊥ radius)
∴ $$AM = BM$$ (⊥ from centre bisects chord)
∴ $$\begin{array}{1}AM = \frac{1}{2}AB\\ = \frac{1}{2} \times 30\\ = 15\end{array}$$
In ΔOAM,
∵ $$O{A^2} = O{M^2} + A{M^2}$$ (Pyth. theorem)
∴ $$\begin{array}{1}OA = \sqrt {O{M^2} + A{M^2}} \\ = \sqrt {{{20}^2} + {{15}^2}} \\ = \underline{\underline {25}} \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{1}(b)ON = OM\\ = 20\end{array}$$ (radii)
$$\begin{array}{1}AN = OA - ON\\ = 25 - 20\\ = \underline{\underline 5} \end{array}$$